Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases and its prevalence increases to 50% in infertile women. Laparoscopy is the primary surgical choice for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. The main aim of the proposed study is the identification of microRNA biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis as well as cytogenetic biomarkers for early identification of women with endometriosis who are in danger for malignant transformation. The identification of specific miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis is expected to allow the Genesis Athens Clinic to design new diagnostic services.